Key differences, features, and comparative analysis of System and Basis.
| System | Basis | Proposed by / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial | One or a few superficial vegetative characters (e.g. number of stamens) | Linnaeus; gave equal weight to vegetative & sexual traits, separated closely related groups |
| Natural | Natural affinities — many characters together, incl. internal features (anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry) | Bentham & Hooker |
| Phylogenetic | Evolutionary relationships — members of a group share a common ancestor | Modern systems; also use molecular data |
This comparison table is part of the chapter notes for Plant Kingdom. Get complete notes, flashcards, active recall sheets, and test prep modes: