Complete Chemical Coordination & Integration Question Bank & Solutions (50 Questions)
Q1 of 50
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Endocrine glands are characterised by being:
(A)
Duct-bearing
(B)
Ductless
(C)
Enzyme-secreting
(D)
Multicellular only
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Correct Answer: (B) Ductless
Endocrine glands lack ducts and release hormones into the blood.
Q2 of 50
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The master gland of the body is the:
(A)
Thyroid
(B)
Pituitary
(C)
Adrenal
(D)
Pancreas
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Correct Answer: (B) Pituitary
The pituitary controls many other glands, though the hypothalamus regulates it.
Q3 of 50
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The pituitary gland lies in the:
(A)
Sella turcica
(B)
Foramen magnum
(C)
Pineal recess
(D)
Medulla
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Correct Answer: (A) Sella turcica
It sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
Q4 of 50
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Which is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone?
(A)
TSH
(B)
ACTH
(C)
Oxytocin
(D)
Prolactin
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Oxytocin
Oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary.
Q5 of 50
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Gigantism is caused by excess of:
(A)
TSH
(B)
Growth hormone
(C)
Insulin
(D)
ADH
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Correct Answer: (B) Growth hormone
Excess GH in childhood causes gigantism.
Q6 of 50
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Diabetes insipidus results from deficiency of:
(A)
Insulin
(B)
ADH
(C)
Thyroxine
(D)
PTH
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Correct Answer: (B) ADH
Lack of ADH causes excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.
Q7 of 50
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Hormone that triggers milk ejection and uterine contraction is:
(A)
Prolactin
(B)
Oxytocin
(C)
Estrogen
(D)
ADH
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Correct Answer: (B) Oxytocin
Oxytocin causes uterine contraction and milk ejection.
Q8 of 50
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Melatonin is secreted by the:
(A)
Thymus
(B)
Pineal gland
(C)
Thyroid
(D)
Pancreas
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Correct Answer: (B) Pineal gland
The pineal gland secretes melatonin, regulating circadian rhythm.
Q9 of 50
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Thyroid hormones require which element?
(A)
Iron
(B)
Iodine
(C)
Calcium
(D)
Zinc
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Iodine
Iodine is incorporated into Tโ and Tโ.
Q10 of 50
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Goitre is caused by deficiency of:
(A)
Calcium
(B)
Iodine
(C)
Iron
(D)
Vitamin D
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Correct Answer: (B) Iodine
Iodine deficiency enlarges the thyroid (simple goitre).
Q11 of 50
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Cretinism is due to hypothyroidism in:
(A)
Adults
(B)
Children
(C)
Elderly
(D)
Pregnant women
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Correct Answer: (B) Children
Childhood hypothyroidism causes cretinism.
Q12 of 50
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Exophthalmic goitre (bulging eyes) is seen in:
(A)
Myxoedema
(B)
Gravesโ disease
(C)
Cretinism
(D)
Addisonโs disease
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Gravesโ disease
Gravesโ disease is a hyperthyroid condition with exophthalmos.
Q13 of 50
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Which hormone lowers blood calcium?
(A)
PTH
(B)
Calcitonin (TCT)
(C)
Cortisol
(D)
Insulin
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Correct Answer: (B) Calcitonin (TCT)
Thyrocalcitonin lowers blood calcium; PTH raises it.
Q14 of 50
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is:
(A)
Hypocalcemic
(B)
Hypercalcemic
(C)
Hypoglycemic
(D)
Hyperglycemic
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Correct Answer: (B) Hypercalcemic
PTH raises blood Caยฒโบ โ it is hypercalcemic.
Q15 of 50
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Thymosins from the thymus promote:
(A)
Bone growth
(B)
T-lymphocyte differentiation
(C)
Digestion
(D)
Water balance
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) T-lymphocyte differentiation
Thymosins drive differentiation of T-lymphocytes (immunity).
Q16 of 50
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The thymus gland with age:
(A)
Enlarges
(B)
Degenerates
(C)
Stays the same
(D)
Becomes exocrine
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Degenerates
The thymus shrinks (degenerates) with age.
Q17 of 50
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Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the:
(A)
Adrenal cortex
(B)
Adrenal medulla
(C)
Thyroid
(D)
Pancreas
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla secretes the catecholamines.
Q18 of 50
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Emergency / fight-or-flight hormones are:
(A)
Insulin & glucagon
(B)
Adrenaline & noradrenaline
(C)
Tโ & Tโ
(D)
PTH & calcitonin
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Adrenaline & noradrenaline
Catecholamines from the medulla prepare the body for emergencies.
Q19 of 50
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Cortisol is a:
(A)
Mineralocorticoid
(B)
Glucocorticoid
(C)
Catecholamine
(D)
Gonadotropin
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Correct Answer: (B) Glucocorticoid
Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.
Q20 of 50
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Aldosterone mainly regulates:
(A)
Blood glucose
(B)
Naโบ and water balance
(C)
Calcium
(D)
Growth
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Correct Answer: (B) Naโบ and water balance
Aldosterone controls sodium/water retention and blood pressure.
Q21 of 50
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Addisonโs disease is due to hypofunction of the:
(A)
Thyroid
(B)
Adrenal cortex
(C)
Pancreas
(D)
Pituitary
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Adrenal cortex
Addisonโs disease results from adrenal cortex hypofunction.
Q22 of 50
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The Islets of Langerhans are part of the:
(A)
Liver
(B)
Pancreas
(C)
Spleen
(D)
Kidney
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Pancreas
They form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.
Q23 of 50
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Insulin is secreted by which cells?
(A)
ฮฑ-cells
(B)
ฮฒ-cells
(C)
ฮด-cells
(D)
Leydig cells
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) ฮฒ-cells
ฮฒ-cells secrete insulin.
Q24 of 50
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Glucagon is secreted by which cells?
(A)
ฮฒ-cells
(B)
ฮฑ-cells
(C)
ฮด-cells
(D)
Acinar cells
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) ฮฑ-cells
ฮฑ-cells secrete glucagon.
Q25 of 50
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Insulin acts to:
(A)
Raise blood glucose
(B)
Lower blood glucose
(C)
Raise calcium
(D)
Lower sodium
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Lower blood glucose
Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake and glycogenesis.
Q26 of 50
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Diabetes mellitus is caused by deficiency of:
(A)
ADH
(B)
Insulin
(C)
Thyroxine
(D)
PTH
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Insulin
Insulin deficiency/resistance causes diabetes mellitus.
Q27 of 50
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Somatostatin is secreted by:
(A)
ฮฑ-cells
(B)
ฮฒ-cells
(C)
ฮด-cells
(D)
G-cells
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) ฮด-cells
ฮด-cells secrete somatostatin, inhibiting insulin and glucagon.
Q28 of 50
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Androgens in the male are secreted by:
(A)
Sertoli cells
(B)
Leydig cells
(C)
ฮฒ-cells
(D)
Follicle cells
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Leydig cells
Leydig (interstitial) cells secrete testosterone.
Q29 of 50
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Hormone that maintains pregnancy is:
(A)
Estrogen
(B)
Progesterone
(C)
Testosterone
(D)
Prolactin
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Progesterone
Progesterone maintains the endometrium and supports pregnancy.
Q30 of 50
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Estrogen is secreted by the:
(A)
Corpus luteum
(B)
Ovarian follicle
(C)
Leydig cells
(D)
Adrenal medulla
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Ovarian follicle
The ovarian follicle secretes estrogen.
Q31 of 50
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Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) acts to:
(A)
Raise blood pressure
(B)
Lower blood pressure
(C)
Raise glucose
(D)
Lower calcium
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Lower blood pressure
ANF from the heart causes vasodilation, lowering blood pressure.
Q32 of 50
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Erythropoietin from the kidney stimulates:
(A)
WBC formation
(B)
RBC formation
(C)
Clotting
(D)
Bone growth
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) RBC formation
Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.
Q33 of 50
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Which is a GI-tract hormone?
(A)
Cortisol
(B)
Secretin
(C)
Aldosterone
(D)
Thyroxine
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Secretin
Secretin (also gastrin, CCK, GIP) is secreted by the gut.
Q34 of 50
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Peptide hormones act through:
(A)
Entering the nucleus
(B)
A membrane receptor and second messenger
(C)
Direct DNA binding
(D)
Diffusion into cytoplasm
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) A membrane receptor and second messenger
They bind membrane receptors and generate a second messenger like cAMP.
Q35 of 50
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Steroid hormones act by:
(A)
A second messenger at the membrane
(B)
Entering the cell and regulating genes
(C)
Forming a clot
(D)
Releasing histamine
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Entering the cell and regulating genes
Lipid-soluble steroids enter the cell and alter gene expression.
Q36 of 50
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The common second messenger for many peptide hormones is:
(A)
ATP
(B)
cAMP
(C)
DNA
(D)
NADH
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) cAMP
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a key intracellular second messenger.
Q37 of 50
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Hormones controlling other endocrine glands are called:
(A)
Local hormones
(B)
Trophic hormones
(C)
Neurotransmitters
(D)
Pheromones
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Trophic hormones
Trophic (tropic) hormones such as TSH and ACTH regulate other glands.
Q38 of 50
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The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via:
(A)
Nerve impulses only
(B)
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
(C)
Direct blood cells
(D)
Bile
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones regulate the anterior pituitary.
Q39 of 50
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A gland that is both exocrine and endocrine is the:
(A)
Thyroid
(B)
Pancreas
(C)
Pituitary
(D)
Pineal
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Pancreas
The pancreas is a heterocrine (mixed) gland.
Q40 of 50
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The pars intermedia of the pituitary secretes:
(A)
GH
(B)
MSH
(C)
ADH
(D)
Insulin
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) MSH
MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the pars intermedia.
Q41 of 50
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Most hormones are regulated by:
(A)
Positive feedback
(B)
Negative feedback
(C)
No feedback
(D)
Random release
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Negative feedback
Negative feedback prevents over-secretion and maintains homeostasis.
Q42 of 50
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Which hormone is NOT a steroid?
(A)
Cortisol
(B)
Aldosterone
(C)
Testosterone
(D)
Insulin
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Insulin
Insulin is a protein/peptide hormone, not a steroid.
Q43 of 50
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TSH from the pituitary acts on the:
(A)
Adrenal cortex
(B)
Thyroid
(C)
Ovary
(D)
Pancreas
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Thyroid
Thyroid-stimulating hormone targets the thyroid gland.
Q44 of 50
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ACTH stimulates the:
(A)
Thyroid
(B)
Adrenal cortex
(C)
Testis
(D)
Liver
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex.
Q45 of 50
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Which hormone raises blood glucose?
(A)
Insulin
(B)
Glucagon
(C)
Calcitonin
(D)
ANF
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Glucagon
Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, raising glucose.
Q46 of 50
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Oxytocin and ADH are synthesised by the:
(A)
Anterior pituitary
(B)
Hypothalamus
(C)
Adrenal cortex
(D)
Thyroid
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Hypothalamus
They are made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary.
Q47 of 50
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Which cells of the kidney secrete renin?
(A)
Podocytes
(B)
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
(C)
Loop cells
(D)
Leydig cells
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
JG cells secrete renin, regulating blood pressure.
Q48 of 50
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Catecholamines belong to which chemical class?
(A)
Steroids
(B)
Amino-acid derivatives (amines)
(C)
Peptides only
(D)
Fatty acids
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Amino-acid derivatives (amines)
Adrenaline and noradrenaline are amino-acid derived amines.
Q49 of 50
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Thyroxine is chemically a/an:
(A)
Steroid
(B)
Iodinated amino-acid derivative
(C)
Protein
(D)
Carbohydrate
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Iodinated amino-acid derivative
Thyroxine (Tโ) is an iodothyronine โ an iodinated tyrosine derivative.
Q50 of 50
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The true integrator linking nervous and endocrine systems is the:
(A)
Cerebrum
(B)
Hypothalamus
(C)
Cerebellum
(D)
Medulla
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus links neural and hormonal control.