How many questions come from Biotechnology: Principles and Processes in NEET?

On average, NTA sets 5-6 Questions (20-24 Marks) from Biotechnology: Principles and Processes in the NEET UG exam.

Are these Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQs based on NCERT?

Yes, 100% of the questions and explanations on this page are strictly extracted line-by-line from NCERT Class 11 & 12 Biology.

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQ

Q1 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Biotechnology involves the use of ___ or their enzymes to make useful products.

(A) Only dead cells

(B) Live organisms

(C) Only viruses

(D) Only inorganic catalysts

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Live organisms

Biotechnology uses live organisms or enzymes derived from them.

Q2 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

EFB, which gave a broad definition of biotechnology, stands for:

(A) European Federation of Biotechnology

(B) Enzyme Function Board

(C) European Food Bureau

(D) Eukaryotic Fermentation Body

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (A) European Federation of Biotechnology

EFB = European Federation of Biotechnology.

Q3 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Which of the following is an example of TRADITIONAL biotechnology?

(A) Recombinant insulin

(B) Making curd from milk

(C) Bt cotton

(D) Gene therapy

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Making curd from milk

Curd, bread, wine and cheese are traditional biotechnology.

Q4 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

The two core techniques of modern biotechnology are genetic engineering and:

(A) Fossilisation

(B) Maintenance of sterile conditions for large-scale growth

(C) Random mutation

(D) Manual pollination

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Maintenance of sterile conditions for large-scale growth

The second technique is sterile bioprocess engineering.

Q5 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

The first recombinant DNA molecule was constructed by:

(A) Watson & Crick

(B) Cohen & Boyer

(C) Arber & Smith

(D) Hershey & Chase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Cohen & Boyer

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer made the first rDNA in 1972.

Q6 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

In which year was the first artificial recombinant DNA made?

(A) 1953

(B) 1962

(C) 1972

(D) 1983

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

1972, by Cohen and Boyer.

Q7 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

For a piece of alien DNA to multiply in a host, it must be joined to a/an:

(A) Ribosome

(B) Origin of replication

(C) Centromere

(D) Telomere

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Origin of replication

Only DNA linked to an ori can replicate in the host.

Q8 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Production of multiple identical copies of a template DNA is called:

(A) Translation

(B) Cloning

(C) Transduction

(D) Conjugation

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Cloning

Cloning = making identical copies.

Q9 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

The first restriction endonuclease to be discovered was:

(A) EcoRI

(B) BamHI

(C) Hind II

(D) Hind III

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (C) Hind II

Hind II was the first restriction endonuclease.

Q10 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Hind II recognises a specific sequence of how many base pairs?

(A) 4

(B) 6

(C) 8

(D) 10

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) 6

It recognises a specific 6-base-pair recognition sequence.

Q11 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

In 'EcoRI', the letter 'R' is derived from:

(A) The genus

(B) The species

(C) The strain (RY13)

(D) The order isolated

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (C) The strain (RY13)

R = strain RY13 of E. coli.

Q12 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

In the name EcoRI, 'co' represents the:

(A) Genus

(B) Species (coli)

(C) Strain

(D) Number

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Species (coli)

'co' = coli, the species name.

Q13 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Restriction enzymes belong to the broad class of enzymes called:

(A) Ligases

(B) Polymerases

(C) Nucleases

(D) Proteases

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (C) Nucleases

They are nucleases (specifically endonucleases).

Q14 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

An enzyme that makes cuts at specific positions WITHIN a DNA strand is a/an:

(A) Exonuclease

(B) Endonuclease

(C) Ligase

(D) Helicase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Endonuclease

Endonucleases cut internally; restriction enzymes are endonucleases.

Q15 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is done by:

(A) Endonuclease

(B) Exonuclease

(C) Ligase

(D) Primase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Exonuclease

Exonucleases act at the ends.

Q16 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

A palindromic DNA sequence reads the same:

(A) Only on one strand

(B) On both strands in the same orientation

(C) In reverse only

(D) Only after methylation

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) On both strands in the same orientation

Palindromes read the same on both strands (same 5'→3' orientation).

Q17 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

EcoRI cleaves the sequence GAATTC between:

(A) A and A

(B) G and A

(C) T and C

(D) C and G

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) G and A

EcoRI cuts between G and A on each strand.

Q18 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Complementary sticky ends of DNA fragments are held together by:

(A) Peptide bonds

(B) Hydrogen bonds

(C) Disulphide bonds

(D) Glycosidic bonds

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Hydrogen bonds

Sticky ends base-pair via hydrogen bonds.

Q19 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Fragments with matching sticky ends are permanently joined by:

(A) DNA polymerase

(B) DNA ligase

(C) Restriction enzyme

(D) Helicase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) DNA ligase

DNA ligase seals the backbone.

Q20 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

In the bacterial restriction system, host DNA is protected by adding methyl groups via:

(A) Ligase

(B) Methylase

(C) Exonuclease

(D) Polymerase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Methylase

Methylase methylates host DNA so its own restriction enzyme cannot cut it.

Q21 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

The 1978 Nobel Prize for discovery of restriction enzymes went to:

(A) Watson, Crick, Wilkins

(B) Arber, Smith, Nathans

(C) Cohen, Boyer, Berg

(D) Nirenberg, Khorana, Holley

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Arber, Smith, Nathans

Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans.

Q22 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Approximately how many restriction enzymes are known today?

(A) Fewer than 100

(B) About 300

(C) More than 900

(D) Exactly 50

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (C) More than 900

More than 900, from over 230 bacterial strains.

Q23 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Restriction endonucleases are isolated mainly from:

(A) Plants

(B) Bacteria

(C) Fungi

(D) Animal cells

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Bacteria

They are bacterial enzymes.

Q24 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Which of the following is NOT a tool of recombinant DNA technology?

(A) Restriction enzyme

(B) Vector

(C) Chlorophyll

(D) DNA ligase

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (C) Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment, not an rDNA tool.

Q25 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

In 1963, two enzymes restricting phage growth in E. coli were found: one cut DNA and the other:

(A) Replicated DNA

(B) Added methyl groups

(C) Removed sugars

(D) Synthesised RNA

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Added methyl groups

The other was a methylase that added methyl groups.

Q26 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

A restriction enzyme cuts the DNA in the:

(A) Nitrogen base

(B) Sugar-phosphate backbone

(C) Hydrogen bonds only

(D) Histone protein

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Sugar-phosphate backbone

It cuts both strands' sugar-phosphate backbones.

Q27 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Genetic engineering changes the ___ of the host organism.

(A) Habitat

(B) Phenotype

(C) Population

(D) Ecosystem

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Phenotype

It alters the host's phenotype by changing its genetic material.

Q28 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Maintaining sterile conditions during bioprocessing ensures:

(A) Faster mutation

(B) Growth of only the desired microbe

(C) Death of the product

(D) No need for nutrients

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Growth of only the desired microbe

Only the desired organism grows, avoiding contamination.

Q29 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Cutting a little away from the centre of the palindrome generates:

(A) Blunt ends only

(B) Sticky (cohesive) ends

(C) Circular DNA

(D) RNA fragments

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Sticky (cohesive) ends

Off-centre cuts leave single-stranded sticky ends.

Q30 of 30 NEET NCERT Line-by-Line

Which scientist studied plasmids that contributed to the first rDNA work?

(A) Herbert Boyer

(B) Stanley Cohen

(C) Hamilton Smith

(D) Werner Arber

Show Answer & NCERT Explanation

Correct Answer: (B) Stanley Cohen

Cohen worked on plasmids; Boyer worked on restriction enzymes/sticky ends.

🧬 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQ for NEET

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Complete Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Question Bank & Solutions (30 Questions)

Biotechnology involves the use of ___ or their enzymes to make useful products.

EFB, which gave a broad definition of biotechnology, stands for:

Which of the following is an example of TRADITIONAL biotechnology?

The two core techniques of modern biotechnology are genetic engineering and:

The first recombinant DNA molecule was constructed by:

In which year was the first artificial recombinant DNA made?

For a piece of alien DNA to multiply in a host, it must be joined to a/an:

Production of multiple identical copies of a template DNA is called:

The first restriction endonuclease to be discovered was:

Hind II recognises a specific sequence of how many base pairs?

In 'EcoRI', the letter 'R' is derived from:

In the name EcoRI, 'co' represents the:

Restriction enzymes belong to the broad class of enzymes called:

An enzyme that makes cuts at specific positions WITHIN a DNA strand is a/an:

Removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is done by:

A palindromic DNA sequence reads the same:

EcoRI cleaves the sequence GAATTC between:

Complementary sticky ends of DNA fragments are held together by:

Fragments with matching sticky ends are permanently joined by:

In the bacterial restriction system, host DNA is protected by adding methyl groups via:

The 1978 Nobel Prize for discovery of restriction enzymes went to:

Approximately how many restriction enzymes are known today?

Restriction endonucleases are isolated mainly from:

Which of the following is NOT a tool of recombinant DNA technology?

In 1963, two enzymes restricting phage growth in E. coli were found: one cut DNA and the other:

A restriction enzyme cuts the DNA in the:

Genetic engineering changes the ___ of the host organism.

Maintaining sterile conditions during bioprocessing ensures:

Cutting a little away from the centre of the palindrome generates:

Which scientist studied plasmids that contributed to the first rDNA work?

Frequently Asked Questions (Biotechnology: Principles and Processes)

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Are these Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQs based on NCERT?

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🧬 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQ for NEET

Live Interactive Quiz Widget

Complete Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Question Bank & Solutions (30 Questions)

Biotechnology involves the use of ___ or their enzymes to make useful products.

EFB, which gave a broad definition of biotechnology, stands for:

Which of the following is an example of TRADITIONAL biotechnology?

The two core techniques of modern biotechnology are genetic engineering and:

The first recombinant DNA molecule was constructed by:

In which year was the first artificial recombinant DNA made?

For a piece of alien DNA to multiply in a host, it must be joined to a/an:

Production of multiple identical copies of a template DNA is called:

The first restriction endonuclease to be discovered was:

Hind II recognises a specific sequence of how many base pairs?

In 'EcoRI', the letter 'R' is derived from:

In the name EcoRI, 'co' represents the:

Restriction enzymes belong to the broad class of enzymes called:

An enzyme that makes cuts at specific positions WITHIN a DNA strand is a/an:

Removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is done by:

A palindromic DNA sequence reads the same:

EcoRI cleaves the sequence GAATTC between:

Complementary sticky ends of DNA fragments are held together by:

Fragments with matching sticky ends are permanently joined by:

In the bacterial restriction system, host DNA is protected by adding methyl groups via:

The 1978 Nobel Prize for discovery of restriction enzymes went to:

Approximately how many restriction enzymes are known today?

Restriction endonucleases are isolated mainly from:

Which of the following is NOT a tool of recombinant DNA technology?

In 1963, two enzymes restricting phage growth in E. coli were found: one cut DNA and the other:

A restriction enzyme cuts the DNA in the:

Genetic engineering changes the ___ of the host organism.

Maintaining sterile conditions during bioprocessing ensures:

Cutting a little away from the centre of the palindrome generates:

Which scientist studied plasmids that contributed to the first rDNA work?

Frequently Asked Questions (Biotechnology: Principles and Processes)

How many questions come from Biotechnology: Principles and Processes in NEET?

Are these Biotechnology: Principles and Processes MCQs based on NCERT?

Master All 38 Chapters in Biology!

Ready to Score 680+ in NEET 2027?

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