Complete Anatomy of Flowering Plants Question Bank & Solutions (20 Questions)
Q1 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Which meristem is responsible for increase in girth of the plant?
(A)
Apical meristem
(B)
Intercalary meristem
(C)
Lateral meristem
(D)
Ground meristem
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Lateral meristem
Lateral meristem (vascular & cork cambium) brings about secondary growth — increase in girth. Apical & intercalary increase length.
Q2 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The only living mechanical tissue in plants is:
(A)
Sclerenchyma
(B)
Collenchyma
(C)
Xylem fibre
(D)
Tracheid
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Correct Answer: (B) Collenchyma
Collenchyma is living and provides flexible support; the others are dead at maturity.
Q3 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Vessels with wide lumen and perforated end walls are characteristic of:
(A)
All vascular plants
(B)
Gymnosperms only
(C)
Angiosperms
(D)
Pteridophytes only
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Angiosperms
Vessels are typical of angiosperms. Tracheids occur in all vascular plants.
Q4 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Which is the only living element of xylem?
(A)
Tracheid
(B)
Vessel
(C)
Xylem fibre
(D)
Xylem parenchyma
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (D) Xylem parenchyma
Xylem parenchyma is living and stores food / aids radial conduction.
Q5 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
In roots, the protoxylem lies towards the periphery. This arrangement is called:
(A)
Endarch
(B)
Exarch
(C)
Mesarch
(D)
Centrarch
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Correct Answer: (B) Exarch
Roots are exarch (protoxylem peripheral). Stems are endarch.
Q6 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The enucleate cell of the phloem that conducts food is the:
(A)
Companion cell
(B)
Sieve tube element
(C)
Phloem fibre
(D)
Phloem parenchyma
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Sieve tube element
The mature sieve tube element loses its nucleus and is controlled by the companion cell.
Q7 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Phloem parenchyma is generally absent in:
(A)
Dicot stems
(B)
Dicot roots
(C)
Most monocots
(D)
Gymnosperms
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Most monocots
Phloem parenchyma is absent in most monocots.
Q8 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The Casparian strip is found in the:
(A)
Epidermis
(B)
Endodermis
(C)
Pericycle
(D)
Pith
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Correct Answer: (B) Endodermis
The endodermis bears Casparian strips of suberin that regulate water entry into the stele.
Q9 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Bulliform cells are found in the:
(A)
Upper epidermis of some monocot leaves
(B)
Lower epidermis of dicot leaves
(C)
Mesophyll of dicot leaves
(D)
Root cortex
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (A) Upper epidermis of some monocot leaves
Bulliform (motor) cells in the upper epidermis of isobilateral leaves roll/fold the leaf to reduce transpiration.
Q10 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Vascular bundles that are conjoint, open and endarch are typical of:
(A)
Monocot stem
(B)
Dicot stem
(C)
Dicot root
(D)
Monocot root
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Dicot stem
Dicot stems have conjoint, open (cambium present), endarch bundles arranged in a ring.
Q11 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Scattered, closed vascular bundles are a feature of:
(A)
Dicot stem
(B)
Monocot stem
(C)
Dicot root
(D)
Dorsiventral leaf
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Monocot stem
Monocot stems have scattered bundles that are closed (no cambium) → no secondary growth.
Q12 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Radial vascular bundles are characteristic of:
(A)
Stems
(B)
Leaves
(C)
Roots
(D)
Floral parts
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Roots
In roots, xylem & phloem lie on different radii (radial bundles).
Q13 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Kranz anatomy is associated with:
(A)
C₃ plants
(B)
C₄ plants
(C)
CAM plants
(D)
Aquatic plants
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) C₄ plants
C₄ plants (maize, sorghum, sugarcane) show Kranz anatomy — a wreath of bundle-sheath cells.
Q14 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The cambium cuts off more cells towards which side?
(A)
Outside (phloem)
(B)
Inside (xylem)
(C)
Equal both sides
(D)
Neither
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Inside (xylem)
Far more secondary xylem is formed inwards, so wood makes up the bulk of the trunk.
Q15 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
One annual ring is made up of:
(A)
Only spring wood
(B)
Only autumn wood
(C)
Spring + autumn wood of one year
(D)
Two years of growth
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Correct Answer: (C) Spring + autumn wood of one year
One spring (early) + autumn (late) wood band of a single season = one annual ring.
Q16 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The dark, central, non-conducting wood of an old trunk is called:
(A)
Sapwood
(B)
Heartwood
(C)
Bark
(D)
Periderm
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Heartwood
Heartwood (duramen) is dead, dark and durable; sapwood conducts water.
Q17 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
The cork cambium is also called:
(A)
Phellem
(B)
Phellogen
(C)
Phelloderm
(D)
Periderm
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Phellogen
The cork cambium = phellogen; it makes phellem (cork) outside and phelloderm inside.
Q18 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Bark, in the technical sense, includes:
(A)
Only cork
(B)
Secondary phloem + periderm
(C)
Only secondary xylem
(D)
Pith + cortex
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Secondary phloem + periderm
Bark = all tissues outside the vascular cambium = secondary phloem + periderm.
Q19 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Gaseous exchange through the cork is permitted by:
(A)
Stomata
(B)
Hydathodes
(C)
Lenticels
(D)
Trichomes
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (C) Lenticels
Lenticels are lens-shaped openings in the periderm for gas exchange.
Q20 of 20
NEET NCERT Line-by-Line
Which tissue system includes the cortex, pericycle and pith?
(A)
Epidermal
(B)
Ground
(C)
Vascular
(D)
Dermal
Show Answer & NCERT Explanation
Correct Answer: (B) Ground
The ground tissue system comprises all tissue except the epidermis and vascular bundles.