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NCERT Comparison Sheet

Factor vs Effect

Key differences, features, and comparative analysis of Factor and Effect.

FactorEffect
Gene migration (gene flow)Alleles move in/out with migrating individuals
Genetic driftRandom change in allele frequency (strong in small populations); the founder effect is a case of drift
MutationSource of new alleles
Genetic recombinationNew allele combinations
Natural selectionNon-random survival/reproduction

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